Published: June 29, 2022

A Positive Psychology Perspective on Student Development

Dr. Jonathan Hayes
Author

Abstract

For the most part, conventional educational models have been preoccupied with remediation of deficits; one finds a disproportionate emphasis on rectifying academic failings, discipline problems and test scores at the expense of developing the psychological mettle of the learner. In this longitudinal study we put to the test the systemic incorporation of Positive Psychology Interventions (PPIs) in higher education curricula and advance the case for a change of paradigm: one that does not content itself with alleviating distress but is more intent on the flourishing and holistic development of the student. We make ample use of Martin Seligman’s PERMA framework (Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment) in our critical appraisal of the effect strengths-based pedagogies have on cognitive adaptability, emotional regulation and scholastic performance over time. Our mixed-methods research covers a stratified and varied undergraduate population of 1,200 from a number of disciplines, allowing us to gauge with some precision the impact of positive psychology modules as they are put in place over the course of an academic year. Initial baselines were telling of the wider malaise in modern higher education worldwide, with the sample showing anything from moderate to severe burnout, disengagement and chronic stress. Yet after the intervention period, the numbers do not lie: there are statistically significant gains in such areas as peer relations, intrinsic motivation and trait resilience. And the qualitative side of the equation, as derived from thematic analysis of focus groups, reveals students have re-framed their approach to academic obstacles, seeing them as opportunities rather than sources of anxiety. Taken together, the data point to an educational ecosystem that is more equitable and sustainable when well-being is given equal weight with the likes of GPA. Institutions would be well advised to incorporate mindfulness or character strength mapping into their advising and classrooms as a means of reducing attrition and promoting lifelong learning. Of course, making these interventions work demands a willingness to look past the old guard of GPA evaluation and to invest in faculty training and institutional resources. What we present here is an empirical and scalable model for universities that want to produce graduates with the moral clarity and psychological agility to handle whatever comes their way.

Keywords
Positive psychology interventions PERMA model academic resilience strengths-based education holistic student development psychological capital emotional intelligence cognitive framing higher education policy student flourishing                                  
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