POLITICAL PARTICIPATION AND REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN IN INDIAN POLITICS
Keywords:
Indian Politics, Representation and Women Education.Abstract
The Constitution of India is based on the principles of equality and guarantees equality before law and equal protection to all its citizens. It not only guarantees fundamental rights and freedoms, but also prohibits discrimination on the basis of religion, race, caste, sex, and place of birth. However, these rights have remained de jure and have not been translated into de facto rights. As such, women have been denied social, economic, civil and political rights in many spheres. An important area where women have been inadequately represented is in the political sphere. Articles 325 and 326 of the Constitution of India guarantee political equality equal right to participation in political activities and right to vote respectively. Lack of space for participation in political bodies has not only resulted in their presence in numbers in these decision making bodies but also in the neglect of their issues and experiences in policy making.
Metrics
References
Prabhat Datta, Major-Issires in the Development Debate: Lessons in Empowerment form India, Kanishka Publishers, New Delhi, 1998, p.40.
S.R. Bakshi, Empower-ment of' Women and Politics of Reservation, Book Enclave, Jaipur, 2002, p.53
Norman D. Palmer, Elections and Political Development: The South Asian Experience, Vikas Publish.ng House, New Delhi, 1976. pp. 50-57.
Kalpana Roy, Women in Indian Politics, Rajat Publications, Delhi, 1999,
Raj Kumar (Ed.), Encyclopaedia of Women and Development, Vo1.5, Anmol Publicatiotis. New [)elhi, 2000, p.36.
Barbara Smith, "Racism and Women Studies" in G.Hul1 et.al.,(Ed.), But Some of Us Are Brave, The Feminist Press, New York, 1982, p.49.
Imtiaz Ahmed, "Women in Politics", in Devaki Jain(Ed.), Indian Women, Publications division, New Delhi, 1975, p.312. Zenab Banu, "Political Status of Muslim Women: An Empiried Study of Udaipur (Rajastan)", L I P . Jourrznl of Political Science, Vol. 12, No. I , Jan-June, 1990, pp.37-43.
Marcia Manning Lee, "Why Few Women Hold Public Of f i ce : Democracy and Sexual Roles", Political Science Quarterly, Vo1.91., No.2, 1976, pp.297-3 14.
Sushma Sood, Violence against Women, Arihant Publishers, Jaipur, 1990, p.12.
V. Bhavani, V. Jyothi, " Women Politicians and Women Entrepreneurs: Why are they Rare? An Analysis", Paper Presented at Indian Association, for Women Studies F$h National Conference, at Jadavpur University, Calcutta, 1977, p. I.
S.S. Mathur, Anju Mathur, Socio-Psychological Dimensions of Women Education, Gyan Publishing House, New Delhi, 2001, p.25.
Neera Desai, Maithreyi Krishnaraj, Women and Society in India, Vohra and Company, New Delhi, 1957, p.39.
Hem Lata Swarup, et.al., "Women's Political Engagement in India: Some Critical Issues", in Barbara Neslon and Najma Chauwdhary (Eds.), Women and Politics World Wide, Oxford University Press, Delhi, 1997, p.366.
The Harijan, 22 December, 1921Apama Basu, Role of Wornen in Indian Struggle for Freedom, Allied Publishers, New Delhi, 1970, p.39.Urmila Phadnis, lndira M ~ l a n i ( E d s . ) , Women of the World: Illusion a n d Reality, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi, 1978, p.20.
J.K. Baral and Kumudini I’atnaik, Gender Politics, Discovery Publishing House, New Delhi, 1990, pp 6-7.International Encyclopedia of Social Sciences, Vol.1, New York, 1968, p.225.
ThHindu,March9,2011BusinessStandard,March9,2011http://www.pri.net.in/statewise_reservation.php, March 2011
Mandeep Singh Nathial, Analysis of set shot in basketball in relation with time to perform the course and displacement of center of gravity, American Journal of Sports Science, Vol.2 Issue.5 pp: 122-126 (2014). Retrieved from https://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=155& doi=10.11648/j.ajss.20140205.13
Mandeep Singh (2010). Evaluation And Improvement of Sports Techniques Through Biomechanical Updated Analyzing Technology, University News, Journal of Higher Education Association of Indian Universities, Association of Indian Universities, Vol:48:Issue.05;2010 Pp45-57, 2010
Mandeep Singh Nathial, A Study of Adjustment and Emotional Intelligence of University Coaches in India, American Journal of Applied Psychology. Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2014, pp. 122-126. doi: 10.11648/j.ajap.20140306.11
Nathial, mandeep singh. A COMPARATIVE AND ANALYTICAL STUDY OF SELF-ESTEEM AND JOB SATISFACTION IN ATHLETES AND NON ATHLETES. Journal of Advances in Social Science and Humanities, 2(10). https://doi.org/10.15520/jassh210123
Singh, M., Kour, R., & Kour, A., A collaborative diversified investigation of respective responses of sports person coaches and organizations on criminalization of doping. International Journal of Health Sciences, 6 (S3), 11295–11310. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6nS3.8641
Mandeep Singh., Assessment of Vocational Interests of Pahadi & Bakarwal School Students In Relation To Their Gender. Int J Recent Sci Res. 9(3), pp. 24817-24819.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijrsr.2018.0903.1731
Singh, M., & Deol, N. S.; KINEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF HIGH DRIVE IN SOCCER. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH PEDAGOGY AND TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION AND MOVEMENT SCIENCES, 1(01). Retrieved from https://ijems.net/index.php/ijem/article/view/5