DEVELOPMENT OF ELEMENTARY EDUCATION OF MUSLIM MINORITY IN RURAL WEST BENGAL
Keywords:
Elementary education, Muslim minority, Enrolment, Dropout, RTE Act, 2009.Abstract
National Minority Commission of India has identified Muslims as religious minority along with Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, and Jains. Among these groups Muslims are the largest one. Overall development of any country depends on the development of every segment of its populations. In spite of being the largest minority group Muslims are lagging behind in education sector in comparison to other community. After implementation of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan and Right to Education Act, 2009 some remarkable progress in elementary education has been noticed. In this context, the researchers attempted to explore the educational development of Muslim minority group, particularly in the field of elementary education. Attempts were also made to compare the above mentioned dimensions between Muslim minority and other community children. Data collected from 250 Muslim and 100 from other community families of the rural areas of South 24 Parganas district of West Bengal by applying multi-stage random sampling technique and using self-made household survey schedule. The study revealed that literacy which is the first step to education is lowest of the Muslim minority. Enrolment of Muslim children is lower than their share in the population. Dropout rate of the community is higher than other communities. Despite of overall improvement in educational status of the Muslim minority after implementation of SSA and RTE Act, 2009; the rate of progress is still slower than other community. The study revealed a ray of hope that parental attitude towards girls’ education has been changing in a positive manner and as a result literacy rate and net enrolment ratio became higher and dropout rate became lower for Muslim girls than boys. The study suggests that continuous and comprehensive attention is needed for increasing the literacy rate, enrolment, maintaining teacher pupil ratio, addressing adverse socio-cultural and economic realities as these are the keys in removing educational backwardness of Muslim minority group.
Metrics
References
Azim Premji Foundation (2004), The social context of elementary education in rural India. Bangalore, India. http://www.azimpremjifoundation.org. Retrieved on 10.06.2015.
Biswas, Z. H (2015); Socio-Economic Conditions of Muslims of West Bengal: An Enquiry to Their Social Exclusion. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Studies, II (II). Vol. II, Issue II, September 2015, pp. 259-266.
Department of School Education and Literacy, Ministry for Human Resource Development, Government of India (2011), Working group report on elementary education and literacy. 12 th five year plan, 2012-2017, New Delhi.
Ghosh, S. K. (2013).Impact of SSA in West Bengal: Equity and Some Quality Aspects. Indian Journal of Educational Research, Vol. II, pp 106-123.
Government of India, Ministry of Law and Justice (2010); The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009.
Government of India (2006); Sachar Committee Report, New Delhi.
Government of India (2012); Census of India 2011, New Delhi.
Halder, K., Maiti, N.C. and Sil, N.C.(2013). Primary Education in West Tripura District: Enrolment, Retention and Quality. Sikshachintan, Vol. 7, December, 2013.
Hussain, N (2012). Muslims in West Bengal: Trend of Population Growth and Educational Status. Islam and Muslim Societies, Vol.-5, No.-1, pp 38-57.
Hussain, Z. (2005); ‘Analysing demand for primary education, Muslim slum dwellers of Kolkata’; Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. XL (2), January 8, 2005, pp. 137-148.
Ibomcha , H and Sharma, H. I (2013); Universalization of Elementary Education under Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan in Manipur, Voice of Research, I (4).
India Human Development Survey, Working Paper No. 11, (2013). http://www.ihds.umd.edu/ihds_papers/privateschooling.pdf. Retrieved on 14.06.2015.
Mainuddin, M (2011). Socio- Economic Conditions and Political Representation of Indian Muslims: A Study of West Bengal. Researchers world, Vol.-II, Issue-4, pp123-134.
Mehta, A. C (2007); Elementary Education in India-Where We Stand. New Delhi: NUEPA.
Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India (2000); Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan-framework for implementation. New Delhi.
Narula, M. (2014); Educational Development of Muslim Minority: With Special Reference to Muslim Concentrated States of India. Journal of Education and Research, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 93-108.
Nath, I. (2012). Problems of Non-enrolment, Dropout and Non-attendance of Children at Primary Stage of Education in Urban Slums of Kolkata. Ph D thesis, Department of Education, University of Calcutta.
Nayar, U. et.al (2007), An analytical study of education of Muslim women and girls in India. Tinnari: Third world centre for comparative studies, New Delhi.
Pande, A. (2001), ‘Education of rural children in U. P. , Himalayas’, in a Vaidyanathan and P. R. Gopinathan Nair (eds) Elementary Education in Rural India: A Grassroot’s view, Vol. II, pp. 86-130, New Delhi, Sage Publication.
Planning Commission (Education Division) (2009), Government of India; The report of the steering committee on elementary education, New Delhi. http://planningcommission.nic.in. Retrieved on 15.06.2015.
Planning Commission Government of India, Draft Twelfth Five Year Plan, 2012-2017; New Delhi. http://planningcommission.nic.in. Retrieved on 15.06.2015.
Salam, S.N (2014). A Study of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan Programme in Relation to Internal Efficiency of School and Scholastic Achievement of Students at Primary Level in Rural West Bengal. Ph. D thesis, Department of Education, University of Calcutta.
Sil, N. C., Halder, K., and Maiti, N. C. (2014,) Effect of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan Programme on enrolment and retention in primary education. In Das, S. (ed.), Tripura; an Empirical Multidisciplinary study, Delhi. Guwahati: Supriya Books, pp. 101-110.
Mandeep Singh Nathial, Analysis of set shot in basketball in relation with time to perform the course and displacement of center of gravity, American Journal of Sports Science, Vol.2 Issue.5 pp: 122-126 (2014). Retrieved from https://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=155& doi=10.11648/j.ajss.20140205.13
Mandeep Singh (2010). Evaluation And Improvement of Sports Techniques Through Biomechanical Updated Analyzing Technology, University News, Journal of Higher Education Association of Indian Universities, Association of Indian Universities, Vol:48:Issue.05;2010 Pp45-57, 2010
Mandeep Singh Nathial, A Study of Adjustment and Emotional Intelligence of University Coaches in India, American Journal of Applied Psychology. Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2014, pp. 122-126. doi: 10.11648/j.ajap.20140306.11
Nathial, mandeep singh. A COMPARATIVE AND ANALYTICAL STUDY OF SELF-ESTEEM AND JOB SATISFACTION IN ATHLETES AND NON ATHLETES. Journal of Advances in Social Science and Humanities, 2(10). https://doi.org/10.15520/jassh210123
Singh, M., Kour, R., & Kour, A., A collaborative diversified investigation of respective responses of sports person coaches and organizations on criminalization of doping. International Journal of Health Sciences, 6 (S3), 11295–11310. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6nS3.8641
Mandeep Singh., Assessment of Vocational Interests of Pahadi & Bakarwal School Students In Relation To Their Gender. Int J Recent Sci Res. 9(3), pp. 24817-24819.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijrsr.2018.0903.1731
Singh, M., & Deol, N. S.; KINEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF HIGH DRIVE IN SOCCER. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH PEDAGOGY AND TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION AND MOVEMENT SCIENCES, 1(01). Retrieved from https://ijems.net/index.php/ijem/article/view/5
